VAT Calculator
Add or remove UK VAT at 20%, 5% or 0%, for one price or a whole invoice, with the VAT shown by rate.
How to Use VAT Calculator
- 1Choose whether the price you'll enter excludes VAT (to add it) or includes VAT (to take it out).
- 2Enter the amount and pick the rate: 20% standard, 5% reduced, 0% zero, or another rate.
- 3For an invoice with several items, add more lines, each with its own quantity and rate.
- 4Read the net amount, the VAT and the gross total, with the VAT split by rate for invoices.
- 5Copy or share the result.
Frequently Asked Questions
How do I add 20% VAT to a price?
Multiply by 1.2. £100 plus VAT is £120, of which £20 is VAT. For 5% VAT, multiply by 1.05.
How do I work out the VAT in a price that includes it?
At 20%, divide the price by 6: a £120 price includes £20 VAT and £100 net. More generally, net = gross ÷ (1 + rate), so at 5% the VAT is the gross price ÷ 21. Taking 20% off £120 gives £96, which is wrong: it would leave £24 counted as VAT.
What are the UK VAT rates?
20% standard rate for most goods and services, 5% reduced rate for things such as home energy and children's car seats, and 0% for most food and children's clothes. Some things, such as postage stamps and most financial services, are exempt rather than zero-rated.
When do I have to register for VAT?
When your taxable turnover goes over £90,000 in any rolling 12 months, or you expect it to in the next 30 days. You can register voluntarily below that, for example to reclaim VAT on your costs.
What's the difference between zero-rated and exempt?
Both charge no VAT, but a business selling zero-rated goods can still reclaim the VAT on its own costs, and zero-rated sales count towards the £90,000 threshold. Exempt sales don't, and VAT on related costs usually can't be reclaimed.
Can I use this for an invoice?
Yes. Add a line for each item with its quantity and rate; the calculator totals the net, the VAT at each rate and the gross amount, which are the figures a VAT invoice needs to show.
About VAT Calculator
This VAT calculator adds UK VAT to a net price or takes it out of a price that already includes it, at the standard 20%, reduced 5% or zero rate, or any custom rate. It works for a single amount or for a whole invoice with several lines at different rates, showing the VAT for each rate.
Removing VAT is where mistakes happen: you divide by 1.2 (or, at 20%, take one sixth), rather than subtracting 20%. The calculator does it for you and explains the working beside the result.
Rates and the £90,000 registration threshold are from GOV.UK and dated on the page. Everything runs in your browser.